「你要在他们面前立的典章是这些:
⚑ 「典章」(מִשְׁפָּטִים) —— 与 20 章的「话」(דְּבָרִים)不是同一个词(见 20:1 的注)。十句话是神亲口说的;这一段是摩西转述的。
H428אֵלֶּהʼêl-leh这些Strong 1890these or thoseBDB 1906theseTWOT 92H4941מִשְׁפָּטmishpâṭ公理/判断Strong 1890properly, a verdict (favorable or unfavorable) pronounced judicially, especially a sentence or formal decree (human or (participant's) divine law, individual or collective), including the act, the place, the suit, the crime, and the penalty; abstractly, justice, including a participant's right or privilege (statutory or customary), or even a styleBDB 1906judgmentTWOT 2443cH834אֲשֶׁרʼăsher那…的Strong 1890who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.BDB 1906whoTWOT 184H7760שׂוּםsûwm安置Strong 1890to put (used in a great variety of applications, literal, figurative, inferentially, and elliptically)BDB 1906putTWOT 2243H6440פָּנִיםpânîym面Strong 1890the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposition (before, etc.)BDB 1906faceTWOT 1782a
(亨利的章首提要散在 21:17、21:7、21:26 三个切片开头,前后都缺)〔……〕二、关于第六条诫命,这条诫命禁止一切加在人身上的暴力。这里有:1. 关于谋杀〔……〕;2. 儿女打父母(15 节)或咒骂父母要受的刑罚〔……(……〕27 节);8. 牛触死人(28–32 节);9. 挖坑造成的损害……(切片在此断开)
(下面一段在 21:35 切片,接在 1–11 节的经文后面)第一节是本章和以下两章所载律法的总题目;其中有些是关于敬拜神的,但大多是关于人与人之间的事。他们的政体纯粹是神权政治,在别的国家要靠人的明智来定的事,在他们中间都由神来指定,所以他们政体的构成特别适合使他们蒙福。这些律法称为「典章」,因为它们是凭无穷的智慧和公平制定的,他们的官长也要照着它们施行审判。神私下把它们交给摩西,由摩西传给百姓。在此以前遇到疑难的案件,摩西都特地为他们求问神(18:15);现在神却给他总的律例,好用来判断具体的案件,他也要把这些律例应用到可能发生的类似案件上 —— 凡理由相同的,就归在同一条规则之下。